Besides, the Migration of people from the areas to other parts of the country or outside as a result of insecurity will affect the customer base of businesses operating in the environment where the insecurity exists. Conflict of Perceptions between the Public and government Over the years, there has been a standing mismatch between public and government perceptions. One such program is the Kentucky Fair Plan. The powers to declare a state of emergency is contained in section 305 of the 1999 constitution (as amended). The consistent pattern of post damage responses to national security has been attributed to the dearth of pre-emptive intelligence among security personnel. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta is a good example (MEND). The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . Non-governing citizens are also judged guilty, even though they are supposed to be free of corruption. In 2011 alone, Nigeria's fuel subsidy cost the country an estimated $8 billion and the price tag for 2012 was expected to be even greater. 1. The argument for this is that such leaders will help to mold the contending ethnic and religious groups into harmony and help to remove the perceived mutual distrust among them. Graduates frequently have to stay in their parents houses for an extended period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism. The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. Social Media Anxiety Disorder is another disadvantage of social media. FILE - A woman carries a placard as she shouts a slogan during a "Walk Against Rape" march in Lagos, Nigeria, Oct. 5, 2011. 200,000 students graduate from colleges each year, yet many struggles to find work and others resort to less-than-honorable ways of subsistence. Across the country, groups have emerged to compete for control of resources located on their land. An inter-agency assessment mission fielded in Nigeria in May 2014 showed that between 2013 and 2014, in six states affected by the crisis (Adamawa, Borno, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe) the number of IDPs had . It further examines the issues of funding NEMA and the State Emergency Management Agency It must also be done on the basis of an objective assessment of the situation. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size, which bears the potential for significant economics of scales; a relatively efficient labor market, driven by its flexibility, and a solid financial market following its gradual recovery. _En ] ppt/_rels/presentation.xml.rels ( N0&)ef`6d&FpDhImF'..| ahJWRMBHeV"&/ "4&W'tY:UIiL{KNKhKpc-Ox4 ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels When these situations exist, the crime rate is bound to rise and the security of lives and properties cannot be guaranteed. Unpredictability is one of main disadvantages of Emergency maintenance as one does not when failure is going to occur. No. Steps of Perform Emergency Maintenance Effectively, Different ways to reduce Emergency Maintenance Load, Advantages and Disadvantages of Corrective Maintenance (CM), Software Maintenance and Various Software Maintenance Tables, Advantages and disadvantages of Test Driven Development (TDD), Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method (CPM), Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Testing, Advantages and Disadvantages of using Spiral Model, Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental process model. The state of insecurity in Nigeria is greatly a function of government failure or can be linked to government failure. This does not even take into account the country's . In the latest violence, 53 people were killed and 13. EiEWG is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and . He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. 5. Policies that focus solely on single governmental agencies, such as security agencies or the enactment of laws are unlikely to succeed. In spirit and practice, when a State of Emergency is declared, civil liberties are often at risk. Attending school provides you with extra information, allowing you to become an educated tailor, baker, or shoemaker, for example. Buhari declared winner of Nigeria's Presidential Elections. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. Marketing It is not only that a business enterprise must get raw materials for production, but it also must dispose of off their output. 25/03/2020. The state of national emergency ended on 13 May 2020 at 12:21pm and was replaced by a National Transition Period. Furthermore, the country is not harnessing the latest technologies for productivity enhancements, as demonstrated by its low rates of ICT penetration. Despite being neighbors, the mostly Muslim north and predominantly Christian south were never united until 1914. It might be by bribery or connections, or by attempting to force someone who lacks quality into a position he does not belong. Every kid has the right to an education in a safe and healthy setting. K= 7 ! This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels Oil spills deplete soil microorganisms and nutrients, which impacts Delta fishing and farming communities as well as the broader economy. Weak Security System This results from inadequate equipment for the security arm of government, both in weaponry and training. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised. Corruption must be combated as a team effort. This issue of lack of highly skilled personnel and sufficient manpower has led to reduced productivity in most sectors of our economy, and as such has limited our economic development and growth. 13/05/2020. Nigeria has a population of around 180 million people. Nigeria has lost large numbers of lives in the Northern region since 2009 to the insurgency of this infamous sect, Boko Haram which has been ravaging the northern region of the country. :c7HN|g>c91I@sXdXr1}fr`6'sgJm1TixgLME5+ Production Business enterprises rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production. a. Nigerians must come to embrace the truth that, despite the fact that the country was founded by the British, we are all one people. Students who attend tertiary education institutes frequently leave with no employment and low morale. EMERGENCY POWERS IN NIGERIA: LEGALAND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi ABSTRACT This article examines both the legal and constitutional validity of the various actions pertaining to the emergency rule in Plateau State, Nigeria. In their pursuit, they have damaged oil pipelines and abducted oil employees. Economic crisis: Nigerias economic situation has deteriorated significantly. However, Nigeria in recent times has witnessed an unprecedented level of insecurity such as Boko Haram activities, banditry, kidnapping, Fulani-Herders-Farmers clashes that resulted in Ondo State issuance of Quit notice to Fulanis in the State. It poses a serious threat to many peoples lives, which is one of the reasons why many workers are requesting pay raises. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation Media Group Ltd, Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship, Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature. Frequent and persistent ethnic conflicts and religious clashes between the two dominant religions (Islam and Christianity), present the country with a major security challenge. Workers incomes are no longer sufficient to purchase physical goods from marketplaces. They apply for jobs, but owing to a lack of credentials, they are not hired. Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and the availability of these weapons have enabled militant groups and criminal groups to have easy access to arms. Nigerias environmental and health standards are deplorable. Porous Borders One major immediate factor which has enhanced insecurity in Nigeria is the porous frontiers of the country, where individual movements are largely untracked. ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels Education system: Students who attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed. Elimination of Corruption and Entrenchment of Social Justice Corruption is viewed by everybody as the cog in the Nigerian wheel of progress and development. Lastly, state insurance departments assist in making insurance available to consumers. What are the development issues in Nigeria? Radical Change in Values A paradigm shift of values from the current order has also been suggested and emphasized by many, considering the role of values in the governance system, leadership developmental goals, and behavior towards corruption. The menace of insecurity no doubt calls for a new approach that will be founded on credible intelligence gathering. 4 Anambra State - Awka. The implications of the Nigeria insecurity situation for organizations business activities cannot be overemphasized. Problems in Nigeria and Solutions: Nigeria is Africas most populated country and the worlds sixth most populous country. 2. Any engineer or contractor who does not complete his work properly should be held accountable. A group of terrorist invades the town meanwhile Smith (Saint Obi) identifies them as former members of squared twelve in the military: Their mission is to disrupt the peace in the nation through. [2] The study has shown that at a speed of about 30 km/h, tricycle occupant is prone to. There ought to have been a time to determine a cause; time to close that case; and time to deliver judgment and pass sentences. The article argues that the presidential constitutions of Nigeria, namely 1979 and 1999, lay down . 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Especially for all of the promises they made on education. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. As the premeditated use or threat of use of violence by an individual or group to cause fear, destruction or death, especially against unarmed targets, property or infrastructure in a state, intended to compel those in authority to respond to the demands and expectations of the individual or group behind such violent acts which has cost 13.4 percent of the world gross domestic product. Inequality: This is due to the governments and its agencies apparent favoring of people or regions belonging to one tribe over another. The civil war can easily be traced back . They impose restrictions on peoples rights and freedoms. During the enforcement of emergency rule, however, these principles might not be adhered to. Many Nigerian graduates did not acquire useful skills during their education. SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA AND THE BUILDING SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. He opined that government at all levels has not done enough by not confronting frontally the situation head-on and dealing with it decisively, others have argued that the situation has a political undertone or inclination calculated to serve the interest of certain political gods, who have been dissatisfied and disgruntled about the political manifestations in the country. Nigeria was rated fourth in the world with the most international war deaths in 2016, according to the Global Peace Index. A state of emergency is not an aberration. on. This is antithetical to the democratic culture which nigeria has practiced successfully and . Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure as well as improve its health and primary education. Unemployment: In Nigeria, unemployment is spreading like a virus. Everyones main priority is not to deal with such type of maintenance. Beyond these, it also limits sources of funds to the business. Consequently, Aluta posited more sustainable development initiatives regarding insecurity are needed in Nigeria and this is imperative, since security is central to development, and the national transformation agenda of the current administration may not be achieved if there is no solution to the menace of insecurity ravaging the country. In his view, security engagement cannot be separated from good governance. It is both a social and economic monster. Roads are in disrepair due to corruption and misappropriation of public monies Only 67 percent of paved roads and 33 percent of unpaved roads were in good or fair condition in 2011, according to the World Bank. This is particularly true in Nigeria where the role of the legislature and judiciary are constantly undermined and influenced by the executive. In addition, insecurity destroys existing infrastructure and also prevents an environment for the development of further infrastructure; and a safe environment for economic activities by individuals to give them economic empowerment that will enable households not only to cater for their present generations but also to provide for future generations. Published. The countrys purchasing and selling situation are dire and depressing. Normally, the official gazette will specify the extent and scope of the emergency powers. Under emergency rule, the government enjoys wide powers which infringe on human rights and fundamental freedoms. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. As a result, the city declared a local state of emergency, advising residents to remain indoors, to stay off roads and sidewalks, and to stay away from rushing street waters and to avoid the Main Street bridge. A particular feature of the current state of emergency is the unusually large number of persons that have been detained as a result of it: These include high civil servants, prominent business people, religious leaders, trade unionists and other civic leaders. There should be an institutionalized approach rather than the episodic and reactive response adopted by the government in the aftermath of attacks. This emanates from the cost of taking precautions and payment for private security services. . According to Amnesty International, hundreds of oil leaks occur each year in Nigerias Niger Delta, owing to pipe degradation, sabotage, and carelessness on the part of oil firms. We contend that when there is widespread insecurity, it could affect business investment, the entire business organization, or some aspects of its operations which include production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). Factors hindering the development of Nigeria. 8. The foundations of the institutional framework in Nigeria are very shaky and have provoked deterioration of state governance and democratic accountability, thus, paralyzing the existing set of constraints including the formal and legitimate rules nested in the hierarchy of social order. ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International. I. Below are 10 causes of insurgencies in Nigeria. Also, the porosity of the Nigerian borders has made it possible for an unwarranted influx of migrants from neighboring countries such as the Republic of Niger, Chad, and the Republic of Benin. World Bank on the investment climate in nine African countries in which it was found that 29% of business operators in Africa and 36% in Nigeria perceived insecurity as a major constraint on investment. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! This exerts pressure on the business for manpower at any cost. All these variables of crimes and social maladies have made the Nigerian security environment to be complex. The following are some advantages of statelessness: As the server does not need to manage any session, deploying the services to any number of servers is possible, and so scalability will never be a problem; No states equals less complexity; no session (state) synchronize logic to handle at the . f. The educational sector should receive enough funding. According to Chris Aluta, insecurity is defined as the state of fear or anxiety, stemming from a concrete or alleged lack of protection. It refers to a lack of or inadequate freedom from danger. There are over 3 million people internally displaced in Nigeria, forced to flee in their homes in the North-East by insurgency and conflict. The Siracusa Principles limit which rights can be infringed. 3. In this situation, a state of emergency can deepen the unitary structure. Chris Aluta, GMD, Protection plus Services Limited made this assertion while speaking on the topic Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development said that Security, however, can be described as stability and continuity of livelihood (stable and steady income), predictability of daily life (knowing what to expect), protection from crime (feeling safe), and freedom from psychological harm (safety or protection from emotional stress which results from the assurance of knowing that one is wanted, accepted, loved and protected in ones community or neighborhood and by people around. Lack of institutional capacity resulting in government failure described as the corrosion or breakdown of institutional infrastructures. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide3.xml.rels Such that there is the temptation to lose sight of the fact that such a declaration can also arise due to natural disasters and calamity as provided for under section 305(3)(e). 22. The government should put in place policies that have already been developed, such as a gender policy that aspires to achieve gender equality. Also see: Why is Nigeria so corrupt? Members of the Niger-Delta militants have reintroduced the use of weaponry in expressing their grievances. There. We must all take a stance to expose corruption and tell the truth about issues that affect our environment. 2. Infrastructure: Following other issues such as Boko Haram, infrastructure may appear to be a minor concern, but how can a country advance without a steady power supply? The conditions are set out in Nigerias 1999 constitution. Located in western Africa and bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Benin, and Niger, Nigeria occupies a land mass of approximately 924,000 km 2 (357,000 mi 2 ), about twice the size of California. Following the military's truly outstanding performance after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there were calls for active-duty troops to take a more robust - and even leading - role in disaster operations, to include law enforcement. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Loss of Socio-cultural and communal value system -The traditional value system of the Nigerian society like most African societies is characterized by such endearing features as collectivism, loyalty to authority and community, truthfulness, honesty, hard work, tolerance, love for others, Mutual harmony and co-existence, and identification of an individual with another (Other distinctive features of Nigerian traditional society are abhorrence for theft and high value for life. Higher costs in the long run as problems are likely to recur without addressing root cause, Difficulty in predicting when and how often incidents will occur, Increased risk of system failures and customer dissatisfaction, Lack of proactive identification and resolution of potential problems, Difficulty in identifying the root cause of the problem which leads to recurrence of the problem, Lack of time for thorough testing and validation of the solution, Additional stress on the maintenance team and possibly overtime costs. The problem of Internal Land Conflicts: Land ownership disputes have frequently caused conflicts among Nigerians. In Nigeria, there have been major national disasters in the last few years. . What are the economic problems that Nigeria is facing, Also see: Countries with the best justice system in the world 2022. 019-V#2z`TFi*kgv1#TQ\R{GqZ~'tX"_3`Nei@'v\r(%G%rP]v="C?%0(f_p kbUG9(fTL1&_*"ry3g^CB?' PK ! Summary. j. 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